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Species diversity, which encompasses the number of different species and their relative abundance, is crucial for assessing fish communities. The Philippines, a megadiverse country, faces challenges in managing fish diversity due to human activities and habitat changes, particularly in coastal areas like Buguey Lagoon, which is a productive aquatic ecosystem with limited studies on its species diversity. Recent study of Fernandez & Felix in 2024 revealed deteriorating water quality and occurrence of heavy metals in the lagoon, thus there a is a need to study the status both on the fish species and the waters of the lagoon to as basis for a more concrete policies to conserve and manage Buguey Lagoon.

The world's landfills are at a breaking point. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency documents that construction and demolition (C&D) debris alone generates an estimated 600 million tons per year — more than twice the entire US municipal solid waste stream, and the equivalent of approximately 3.3 billion pounds deposited into the waste stream every single day of the year. Globally, C&D waste has reached an estimated 2.2 billion tons annually, with the construction industry consuming 30–40% of all natural resources extracted on earth. Landfills are not just filling up — they are overflowing, they are emitting climate-destroying methane at a rate equivalent to the greenhouse gas output of more than 24 million cars per year, they are contaminating groundwater and soil, and in the most catastrophic cases, they are collapsing in catastrophic trash slides that bury and kill people. On January 8, 2026, the Binaliw landfill in Cebu City, Philippines — a four-story-high mountain of garbage — collapsed without warning, killing 36 workers and injuring 18. In February 2026, the Rizal Provincial landfill near Manila collapsed, trapping dozens more. These are not isolated incidents. They are the predictable consequence of a global waste system that has run out of room, run out of oversight, and run out of capacity to absorb the volume of material the built environment discards instead of protecting and preserving. Green ENCASEMENT Coatings are the direct, practical, immediately deployable answer to the landfill crisis at the building level. Every building restored instead of demolished is material that stays out of the landfill. Every roof refurbished instead of replaced is 20–40 squares of asphalt shingles that does not join the estimated 11–13 million tons of shingle waste entering US landfills annually. Every wall panel encased instead of torn down is steel, concrete, or masonry that does not join the 567 million tons of demolition debris that entered the US waste stream in 2018 alone. This reference document establishes the complete, evidence-based case for Green ENCASEMENT Coatings as the most direct and most scalable building-level intervention available for reducing the C&D landfill crisis — dimension by dimension, structure by structure, landfill ton by landfill ton.

This guide is a knowledge product of the project Linking Disaster Risk Governance and Land-Use Planning (LIRLAP project) and aimes to improve practices of planned resettlement in the Philippines. It is available in single-page (screen) and spreads (double-page for print) layout. This guide provides actionable entry points to enhance the resilience of resettlement efforts. It draws on insights from a six-year research initiative. The goal is to inspire spatial planners, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders to refine their approaches, ensuring resettlement not only mitigates risks but also creates pathways for more sustainable and inclusive urban futures Updated version v2.

The Philippine Enterprise AI Report 2026: Mid-Year Edition is an independent research publication examining how the Philippines' leading brands are adopting, implementing, and scaling artificial intelligence across key industries. Drawing on publicly available corporate disclosures, industry reports, government publications, technology vendor case studies, and reputable news sources, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of enterprise AI adoption within banking, telecommunications, retail, consumer services, utilities, aviation, and diversified conglomerates. The report explores how organizations are integrating artificial intelligence to improve operational efficiency, customer experience, cybersecurity, data governance, predictive analytics, and digital transformation. It also examines the infrastructure, talent, governance frameworks, and strategic partnerships that enable successful AI deployment, while identifying common challenges, emerging trends, and opportunities shaping the future of enterprise AI in the Philippines. Designed for business executives, technology leaders, policymakers, researchers, investors, consultants, and digital transformation professionals, this report offers evidence-based insights into the evolving enterprise AI landscape. In addition to industry analysis and organizational case studies, it provides strategic recommendations for enterprises seeking to move beyond AI experimentation toward scalable, production-ready implementations. Published as a biannual research series, the Philippine Enterprise AI Report serves as an ongoing reference for tracking the progress of enterprise artificial intelligence adoption in the Philippines and documenting how leading organizations are leveraging AI to strengthen competitiveness, innovation, and long-term business resilience.

Tricycle drivers in Gonzaga, Cagayan, are one of the pillars of the town’s informal economy, a main source of livelihood for a considerable number of residents. With limited education and limited access to more lucrative sources of income, most tricycle drivers earn insufficiently. They are good at building interpersonal skills; however, their lack of financial skills and capabilities prevents them from improving their income levels or exploring other sources of livelihood. This policy brief identifies these structural barriers and capability gaps to inform appropriate recommendations to address them.

Educational institutions have fundamentally been compelled to adopt flexible learning models after the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift has significantly altered the concept of educational infrastructure and the locus of instruction, moving towards more autonomous yet guided learning environments. Such changes necessitate a comprehensive examination of students' learning styles and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competence to better understand and support these new learning paradigms. In the Philippines, the transition to flexible learning has been particularly challenging due to issues such as digital divide and limited access to reliable internet services. However, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has been proactive in promoting flexible learning strategies. According to De Vera (2020), CHED has encouraged higher education institutions to adopt flexible learning methods to ensure the continuity of education amidst the pandemic. This includes the development of digital platforms and the use of alternative delivery modes such as modular learning and offline digital resources. Research highlights the importance of ICT competence in facilitating effective flexible learning. For instance, Bernardo (2021) examined the ICT readiness of higher education institutions in the Philippines and found that while there are significant challenges, there is also a growing recognition of the need to enhance ICT infrastructure and training. Similarly, Alipio (2020) discussed the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on Filipino students and emphasized the need for more inclusive and equitable access to digital learning tools. The shift to flexible learning has also prompted a reevaluation of student learning styles and ICT competence. According to Martin and Furiv (2020), the pandemic has accelerated the adoption of flexible learning pathways, which cater to diverse student needs and promote self-directed learning. This is particularly evident in countries like India, where distance education has long been a major mode of delivery (Martin & Furiv, 2020). Similarly, studies by Al-Balas et al. (2020) and Khalil et al. (2020) have highlighted the importance of ICT competence in ensuring successful transitions to online learning environments.

The rapid growth in the use of electronic devices has led to a corresponding increase in electronic waste (e-waste), now considered one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally. In the Philippines, the situation is particularly concerning due to increasing consumption and limited formal management systems. Universities as major users of electronic equipment contribute significantly to e-waste generation. Despite the presence of general waste management policies, there is limited awareness and implementation of specific e-waste management practices within higher education institutions. Improper disposal of e-waste poses serious risks to human health and the environment due to toxic substances such as lead, mercury and cadmium. This study supports the urgent need for policy interventions focusing on awareness, behavior and institutional practices in university settings.

Individuals who are below a certain age, as defined by the legal system of a particular jurisdiction, and who have committed actions that are considered offenses or crimes under the law, are known as children in conflict with the law. It is essential to recognize that children in conflict with the law are a vulnerable and distinct group within the criminal justice system. Their age, cognitive development, and life experiences can significantly influence their understanding of the consequences of their actions and their ability to make informed decisions. The legal treatment and handling of children in conflict with the law must consider their unique circumstances, focusing on rehabilitation, reintegration, and addressing the underlying factors that may have contributed to their involvement in criminal activities. In Aparri, Cagayan, Philippines, minors who have engaged in criminal activities or violated laws fall under the category of "children in conflict with the law." While this issue is not unique to Aparri, it is a concern in many communities worldwide. Efforts to address this issue in Aparri, Cagayan may involve a combination of legal, social, and educational interventions. This has sparked the interest of the researcher to investigate children in conflict with the law management programs in the area.

On 4 December 2012, typhoon Pablo (international name Bopha) made landfall over the Philippine island of Mindanao. More than 44,437 families were evacuated in Mindanao and in the Visayas Region, Central Philippines. Despite advanced warnings and preparations by communities against the tropical cyclone, Pablo exacted heavy damage in Mindanao with 459 deaths, 532 missing and 4.17 billion pesos worth of damage to infrastructure and agriculture. Heavy rains brought by typhoon Pablo spawned floods that carried eroded gravel, sand and boulders from the mountains. Barangay Andap, in New Bataan, was overwhelmed by a rapid downward moving mass of material composed of boulders, gravel and sand and fluid as wet cement. In its wake, it left a pile of rubble called a debris flow deposit.Keywords: New Bataan, Bopha, debris flow

10 Years of the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists! In 2026, we celebrate the Center’s tenth anniversary and a decade of significant contributions to the history of philosophy. Since the Center was founded in 2016, research on women philosophers has taken a major step forward: forgotten thinkers have been rediscovered, new sources have been made accessible, and women philosophers have become increasingly visible as an integral part of the history of philosophy In 2026, we celebrate the Center’s tenth anniversary, and its significant contributions to the field of philosophy since its opening. The history of women philosophers has taken a major step forward, and we are proud to say that many have followed in our footsteps. The Center was founded ten years ago with the support of Svenja Schulze, the former Minister for Science and Innovation of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia and Simone Probst, the Vice-president of Paderborn University. During its ten years of operation the Center has established itself as the world’s first center dedicated to researching women philosophers and Scientists in Germany and around the globe. It has made history in the field of philosophy and together with our friends, colleagues and fellows it has an impact around the world. The Center’s history is also – as we dare to think - a testament to the forward-thinking policy achievements made at the time of its creation. From the beginning on, it was conceptualized as a digital humanities project, given the expertise we found at Paderborn University. I am deeply grateful to Gudrun Oevel, the former director of the Paderborn University Media Center, for her support, and thanks to Henning Vreyborg, Niklas Olmes and Peter Stadler who supported us in establishing the world’s first digitized institute to save the ideas of women philosophers throughout history. Right from the outset, we succeeded in purchasing the rights to digitise the Saint Petersburg manuscript. Now, ten years later, we have also digitised the more than thousand-page Paris Manuscript 12265 of Émilie du Châtelet’s Institutions de physique by the support of the German Research Foundation. The Center is home to the world's first and award-winning Encyclopaedia of Concise Concepts by female philosophers. It hosts a unique archive of the writings of early female phenomenologists Gerda Walter and Hedwig Conrad Martius transcribed and supervised by Rodney Parker. With our manuscript edition we have created an Emilie du Châtelet philosophy hub. Together with our friends and fellows, Kataryna Karpenko and Tess Payongayong, our research focus on women in economics and technology has expanded. The Center offers the world’s most comprehensive Directory of Women Philosophers, a Timeline and above all, the largest online collection of YouTube lectures on the history of women philosophers. This collection is a unique resource for anyone wanting to learn about the subject. Our social media network has been continuously developed by Sophie Unger, Violeta Milicevic, and many student assistants, all of whom have supported us with their enthusiasm and inspiration over the last ten years. We would also like to thank Roland Mikosch, who designed the media representation at the beginning of this project. I am deeply grateful to Prof. Dr. Ulrike Detmers for her annual donation of the Ulrike Detmers Elisabeth of Bohemia Prize, which has been awarded since 2018. Another pillar of the Center is the scholarly publication series, the International Springer series Women in the History of Philosophy and Science was founded following a German one from 2014, in 2018. It presents scholarly studies on women philosophers, mathematicians, phenomenologists and sociologists from around the world. The series has long since surpassed 100,000 downloads. Alongside this successful publication, we also originated the world’s first international Brill journal, Women in the History of Philosophy and Science. The fourteenth issue is now in preparation. In collaboration with the prestigious publisher De Gruyter and colleagues from Latin America, Canada, India, Japan, and the US, we publish the Women Philosophers Heritage Collection. It presents writings of women thinkers from around the globe in their original languages alongside modern English translations. A new series on economics and technology, EcoTechGender, is also underway. The Libori Summer Schools in 2017, 2018 and 2019 moved researchers around the world to visit us in Paderborn. After the break caused by the pandemic, and years when the Center took the summer school abroad, its tradition has been successfully re-installed in 2026 thanks to the efforts of Dr Jil Muller, Felix Grewe and the team at the Center at Paderborn University. Our friends, supporters, colleagues and fellows played a key role in bringing this new historical approach to life. They undertook the necessary research to present these writings through numerous analyses. They shared their lectures with us. The results of their work are available in our YouTube Archive History of Women Philosophers and Scientists and in our publication series. This new history of ideas has attracted researchers from some of the world's leading universities, including those in the US, Canada, India, Japan, Australia and Africa. The Centre has co-organised events with some of the world’s most prestigious universities, including Tokyo University in Japan, Banaras Hindu University in India, King's College in Canada, and the History of Philosophy programme at Harvard University, as well as universities in Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. We have hosted guests from Duke University and McGill University, and our network spans Chile, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, Morocco, Lebanon, Israel, the Philippines and Japan, as well as almost every European country. In light of the current political situation, the world is looking to Europe. The same applies to the question of the place of women’s ideas in the history of philosophy. Regressive gender policies demonstrate that authoritarianism goes hand in hand with violence — a fact that has been documented and denounced by women throughout history. However, it would also be a huge loss for worlds wisdom. If the world were to lose women's ideas, it would crumble. The world is in a terrible state, so we need more contributions from female philosophers. This makes it all the more important that this institute, which has shaped the world of women philosophers around the globe, continues its work. It is no coincidence that, at our 10th anniversary celebrations, we will sign two memoranda of understanding with key future partners: universities from India and the Philippines. I would like to express my gratitude to all our supporters, including those who have backed this bold yet promising endeavour for a long time. Following my appointment as president of the German Society for Philosophy, the significance of the research we completed at the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists will only grow. Welcome to the Center! Prof. Dr. Ruth Edith HagengruberProfessor of Philosophy, University of Paderborn, Germany, Director Center for the History of Women Philosophers and ScientistsPresident of the German Society for Philosophy

Graduate employability and program effectiveness are key indicators of the success of higher education programs. The degree programs offered in higher education institutions (HEIs) shape students both in the classroom and through practical experience, guiding them toward becoming well-prepared professionals in their chosen careers. There is a continuous demand for skilled professionals in response to societal and global needs; hence, it is crucial to evaluate how effectively academic programs equip graduates for the workforce. Mendoza-Villafaina & López-Mosquera (2024) have presented the reality of the changing landscape of the labor market. This market requires students to be better prepared for their professional insertion, explicitly presenting a stringent selection of manpower to meet the demand of the global market. In response to this demand, universities must offer an educational experience that is perceived as useful for the future. In one of the universities in the Northern Philippines, there is pressing concern directly affecting its graduates from the physical education and sports science programs on unemployment and in landing of jobs which are not related to the degree they completed. There has been a persistent mismatch between the programs completed and opportunities in the existing job market, a situation even more challenging for sports sciences graduates. While graduates report positive academic experiences, many encounter challenges securing employment relevant to their degree. Drawing from the voices of graduates from a university in Northern Philippines, a considerable proportion of teaching track graduates are employed, and they perceive a higher quality of experience in their degree program, viewing the curriculum more favorably than their non-teaching track counterparts. This underscores the need for non-teaching track programs to develop policies that better support their graduates. They need to strengthen instruction, linkages, and support systems. The following key findings of this study from Cagayan State University provide guidance for refining the non-teaching track in terms of instruction, linkages, and support systems.