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Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated. The occurrence of positive feed samples ranges from 17.2% in 2012 to 28.3% in 2017, with an average percentage of positive samples of 25%, while 3.8% of feed samples are non-compliant with a concentration ranging from 0.015 mg/kg for diclazuril to 56 mg/kg for narasin. Positive samples of animal tissues, on average, are 34.7%, fully compliant, while 16% of eggs are positive and violative residues are found in 2%. These noncompliant samples show a concentration varying from 2.4 µg/kg to 1002 µg/kg. The contribution of poultry meat and egg consumption to the acceptable daily intake of each coccidiostat is below 1%, highlighting a low direct risk to public health.

The research, whose results are presented, is aimed at determination of development of moulds number in wood chips under different storage temperatures. The experiments were carried out with the moisture of samples 65%, 22% and 1%. During the long-term storage the effect of water content in material on development of moulds can be recorded. The risks linked to mould occurrence can be considerably eliminated by reduction of water content.

Gully formation is a significant driver of soil erosion and land degradation worldwide and often leads to important downstream impacts. Nonetheless, our understanding of the global patterns and the factors controlling this process remains limited. Here, we present the first global assessment of gully density's spatial patterns. Using mapped observations from over 17,000 representative study sites worldwide, we trained random forest models that simulate both the susceptibility to gullying at a 1 km2 resolution and the corresponding gully head density (GHD). Through an interpretable machine learning framework, we demonstrate that global GHD patterns result from a combination of environmental factors with non-linear interactions, leading to significant regional variations in the dominant factors controlling GHD. We distinguish between gully hotspots driven primarily by natural factors such as topography, geomorphology, tectonics, pedology or climate and those where land use and land cover play a dominant role. Based on these insights, we identified critical global areas of gully erosion, i.e., hotspots where gully occurrence is likely highly sensitive to anthropogenic drivers. These include the Chinese Loess Plateau, the Ethiopian Highlands, and large parts of the Mediterranean and Sahel regions. Also desert regions are often characterized by high GHDs. However, in these cases, their occurrence is mainly driven by natural factors. The insights we provide are valuable to inform land management and targeted erosion mitigation strategies.

Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (XGP) is a rare disease that can mimic the clinical and imaging findings of prostate cancer. Differentiation of these diseases is vital in order to offer the correct treatment. Histological examination of prostate tissue is the definitive manner in which XGP is distinguished from prostate cancer. This case demonstrates the rare possibility of concurrent findings of prostate abscess, prostate cancer, and XGP, further clouding diagnostic assessment. Percutaneous aspiration and antibiotic treatment of the abscess reduced lower urinary tract symptoms and eliminated XGP on subsequent prostate biopsy. Careful work up is necessary to prevent unnecessary interventions or missed diagnoses.

IntroductionOveractive bladder (OAB) drugs are widely prescribed, yet the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after treatment initiation remains poorly characterized.MethodsWe evaluated reports of AF associated with OAB medications using two spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs): the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database and the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We screened eight agents and assessed signals using three disproportionality metrics: the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN). For drugs showing signals in both databases, we conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, and number of concomitant medications, and evaluated time-to-onset (TTO) using Weibull modeling.ResultsConsistent AF signals were identified for solifenacin succinate and mirabegron, whereas other agents did not meet the prespecified criteria. Solifenacin met the criteria in women and older adults in both JADER and FAERS. Mirabegron met the criteria across multiple strata in both datasets, indicating cross-stratum reproducibility. TTO was right‐skewed, with most reports occurring within one year of initiation. Exploratory Weibull modeling, based on limited numbers of date‐complete reports, suggested a wear-out pattern for solifenacin in JADER and an early pattern in FAERS, while mirabegron showed a random pattern in JADER and an early pattern in FAERS. These failure‐type patterns should therefore be interpreted cautiously.DiscussionThese findings are hypothesis-generating, given the limitations of SRSs, such as underreporting, missing dates, and unknown exposure—and they reflect reporting patterns rather than causal risk. They outline strata and early treatment periods that may warrant clinical attention and help prioritize pharmacovigilance and targeted hypothesis‐driven evaluation in routine OAB care.

Introduction: Although large randomized control trials have established the renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in chronic kidney disease (CKD), real-world evidence in Chinese CKD populations remains scarce. Here we report a multicenter real-world retrospective cohort study of SGLT2i use in hospitalized CKD patients in China. Methods: We enrolled 155,053 adults with CKD from the China Renal Data System (CRDS) databases (January 2002–January 2023). We included patients treated with SGLT2i for at least 3 months. SGLT2i users and nonusers were matched (1:2) using propensity score matching (PSM). The main outcomes included renal, safety, and clinical outcomes. Renal outcomes included the first occurrence of CKD progression, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or composite outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression models and cumulative incidence were estimated post-PSM. Results: Overall, the core analysis included 1,477 SGLT2i users and 2,674 nonusers. The progression of CKD (HR 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.95, p < 0.01), incidence of ESKD (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.18–0.37, p < 0.001), and composite renal outcome (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.59–0.77, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the SGLT2i group compared to the non-SGLT2i group. Additionally, the SGLT2i group experienced lower rates of heart failure, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and severe hypoglycemia but a higher risk of acute pancreatitis compared to the non-SGLT2i group. Additionally, eGFR remains better preserved over 3 years in CKD patients treated with SGLT2i. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SGLT2i offers substantial renal and cardiovascular benefits for Chinese CKD patients.