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Cyperus haspan is a widely distributed, tufted sedge associated with tropical and subtropical wetlands, marshes, shallow freshwater habitats and seasonally inundated landscapes. Its occurrence in natural and disturbed wetland environments, including rice fields, drainage channels and pond margins, reflects its ecological adaptability and capacity for rapid establishment under moist conditions. This chapter examines the species' morphological characteristics, habitat preferences, geographical distribution, traditional medicinal applications and ecological significance. Ecologically, C. haspan contributes to wetland vegetation structure, provides microhabitats for associated organisms and has potential relevance to nutrient uptake and water-quality management. Its ability to establish in flooded and disturbed habitats also contributes to its importance as an agricultural weed, particularly in rice cultivation, while its occurrence outside its native range raises concerns about possible competition with indigenous vegetation. Traditional uses include the treatment of fever, shingles and other ailments, although species-specific pharmacological evidence remains limited. The contrasting ecological roles of this sedge demonstrate the importance of evaluating its ecosystem functions, agricultural impacts and distribution patterns within different environmental contexts. Further research on population dynamics, wetland interactions, phytoremediation potential and ecological responses to disturbance is necessary to support its evidence-based management and conservation.

Protium serratum is a tropical tree of considerable importance in traditional foodsystems, indigenous healthcare and forest-based livelihoods. The species is characterized byits broad ecological distribution, adaptability to seasonally dry environments and diverseapplications of plant parts. Its ripen fruits are consumed as wild food, while different plantparts are traditionally used to manage several health problems. Phytochemical investigationshave reported the occurrence of several secondary metabolites. Experimental studies havefurther documented pharmaceutical values. The species also contributes to rural livelihoodsthrough its edible fruits, timber, aromatic resin and association with forest-based resources.Present study highlights the available information on the morphology, geographicaldistribution, habitat preferences, traditional applications, bioactive compounds andbiological activities of P. serratum.

Peristylus constrictus is a tuberous terrestrial plant belonging to the familyOrchidaceae. It is distributed across parts of South and Southeast Asia. Its geographical rangeincludes the Himalayan region, northeastern India and other parts of the Indian subcontinent,extending to China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and the Philippines. Thespecies inhabits seasonally moist environments, including deciduous forests, forest margins,shrubby slopes and open grasslands. This chapter provides an overview of its diagnosticmorphological characters, geographical distribution, habitat preferences and ethnomedicinalsignificance. Ethnobotanical records document the traditional use of its underground partsfor managing various health conditions. However, species-specific phytochemical andpharmacological investigations remain limited. Its occurrence across diverse vegetationtypes and reports of distributional extensions highlights the importance of systematicbotanical surveys, accurate taxonomic identification and habitat monitoring to improveunderstanding of its ecology and inform conservation research. This chapter establishesbaseline information to support further investigations into the species' ecology, conservationstatus and potential medicinal properties.

Minimal Reality, Volume I: The Minimal Structure of Change is a modular mathematical monograph consisting of ten structurally connected papers. The volume begins with an ordered domain of admissible magnitudes whose least element is 00, and with the Axiom of Minimal Reality, which postulates the existence of a first positive admissible magnitude of real change, δs=min⁡S>0.\delta s=\min \mathcal S_{>0}. It then develops a finitely generated structural model in which admissible magnitudes are finite compositions of this minimal threshold. The subsequent papers introduce a separate dependence-and-support line of development. They distinguish syntactic occurrence from real determination, define real and fictitious variables, establish canonical reduction to the least real coordinate support, and formulate finite unit procedures realizing this reduction. Variant 11, f(p,q)=¬q,f(p,q)=\neg q, serves as the minimal Boolean model containing one real variable and one fictitious variable. The later part of the volume constructs the global space X∞X_\infty of finite epistemic cores, together with epistemic width and its layer structure. Variant 12 introduces the order of real support through a support preorder and the induced partial order on equivalence classes of equal real support. The resulting order admits a least common real extension. The volume concludes with Variant 13, which formalizes this construction as the binary operation ∨R\vee_R, proves its idempotence, commutativity, and associativity, and characterizes the support order by absorption. The volume is intended as a formal foundation for the subsequent development of Minimal Reality and deliberately separates threshold structure, finite generation, functional dependence, canonical reduction, and support order into distinct mathematical stages.

This monograph focuses on two major themes of current interest---those of complexity and emergence. Neither of the two concepts is, in the very nature of things, precisely defined or easily comprehended. Complexity is all around us while the sciences often analyze entities and events by making simplifications, but the fault lines in the latter get exposed over larger spans of space and time. Complexity entails emergence that involves discontinuity and novelty in the evolution of complex systems, based on the appearance of distinctive spatial and temporal structures. Underlying an occurrence of emergence is an instability involving the transition from one stable regime to another, where distinct space-time scales acquire relevance across the transition. The structures on the two sides of the transition are characterized by distinct sets of state variables where, on one side of the transition, collective variables make their appearance. Complexity and emergence are viewed in this book in the context of the Kantian noumenal-phenomenal divide. The noumenal reality is the repository of all the complexity that there is, while the phenomenal reality emerges from the noumenal in the process of our perception, interpretation, and inference. The noumenal exists in itself as a self-determined whole, and reveals itself to us in fragmentary patches as skewed projections that we assemble to form our phenomenal world that keeps on emerging ceaselessly. Our own biological evolution and the evolution of our phenomenal world occurs in a mutually consistent process, that can be referred to as co-evolution. We seek regularities in the phenomenal world by means of our scientific theories which are often successful, but that success is fragile as, over larger spans of space and time, anomalies make their appearance, giving a lie to the simplicity and regularity previously presumed to have been unearthed. Simplicity, regularity, and harmony are only fleetingly located in the phenomenal world by means of our theories as these keep on being revised endlessly and often radically, thereby generating a mosaic of theories that becomes ever more complex, indicating a pervasive complexity of the noumenal world from which the phenomenal emerges by way of strictly limited projections. The foundational metaphysics on which this book is based tells us that reality is fundamentally complex, while tiny islands of simplicity, regularity, and harmony are embedded in it in isolated space-time domains.

The time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and interferometric coherence extracted from optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, respectively, have strong responses to sudden landslide failures in vegetated regions, which is expressed by a sudden increase or decrease in the values of NDVI and coherence. Compared with optical sensors, SAR sensors are not affected by cloud and daylight conditions and can detect the occurrence time of failure in near real-time. The purpose of this paper is to automatically determine the time of failure occurrence using time series coherence values. We propose, based on some existing anomaly detection algorithms, a deep neural network-based anomaly detection strategy that combines supervised and unsupervised learning without a priori knowledge about failure time. Our experiment using July 21, 2020 Shaziba landslide in China shows that in comparison to widely used unsupervised methodology, the use of our algorithm leads to a more accurate detection of the timing of the landslide failure.

The occurrence and stratigraphic distribution of source rock potential in distal fine-grained facies is strongly related to the prevailing palaeoxygenation regime, especially during the deposition of the condensed section (CS). The CS will tend to correspond to organic facies B-AB, with good to excellent potential, only when conditions are dysoxic-anoxic, and organic facies D-CD, with poor source rock potential, when conditions are oxic. The applicability of the Creaney and Passey organic facies model is limited by its assumption that palaeoxygenation remains constant within the basinal facies. The CS commonly shows decimetre-(Milankovitch)-scale redox cyclicity characterised by TOC and organic facies variations whose amplitude increases as sediment accumulation rates decrease. The greater frequency of dysoxic-anoxic conditions in the CS may be related to changes in accommodation space via the relationship between bottom water volume and the rate of deoxygenation, as observed in modern settings. The onshore Kimmeridge Clay diverges somewhat from the classic Exxon basin model as it was deposited in an intra-shelf setting where focusing and ponding of clayey sediment resulted in the basinal sections being both thicker and more complete. However, the best source rock intervals still coincide with the maximum flooding surfaces. The long term Late Jurassic (shallow to deep to shallow) sea level curve appears to influence the mean (oxic to dysoxic–anoxic to oxic) palaeoxygenation regime in the basin and the background trend in sediment accumulation rate; it is expressed in a symmetrical increase in TOC to 4-6 wt% from background values of about 1 wt%. The superimposed decimetre- to metre-scale redox cycles appears to be controlled by Milankovitch climatic controls on watermass stratification. The relative spacing of these cyclic organic-rich interbeds decreases during relatively condensed (MFS) intervals associated with the short term sea level curve, and the interval TOC values also increase and broaden. Intervals deposited during or shortly after lowstands are less organic-rich and have less and more widely spaced organic-rich beds. The individual organic-rich beds also appear to be condensed relative to adjacent mudstones; palynofacies and TOC vs. HI data suggest the origin of these beds is due more to cyclically decreased dilution and redox conditions rather than enhanced palaeoproductivity.

Ejectives in Aymara: A case study. Phonetic implementation and phonological patterning in a three-way contrast system Aymara contrasts plain, aspirated and ejective obstruents at five places of articulation (bilabial, alveolar, palatal affricate, velar, uvular), giving a 15-member laryngeal system. This chapter offers the first acoustic-phonetic account of Aymara ejectives, combined with a review of their phonological distribution and morphophonological behaviour. Ejectives are largely confined to root-initial position and are subject to strict co-occurrence restrictions: in roots with two non-modal consonants, an ejective must precede an aspirate. In clusters created by suffix-triggered vowel deletion, ejectives are usually retained but can neutralize, particularly before affricates. The acoustic study analyses 453 tokens of 39 real and nonce words produced in a carrier phrase by one male speaker of La Paz Aymara. Linear mixed-effects models (word as random intercept, bootstrapped 95% CIs) show that ejectives and aspirates share long-lag VOT (mean ≈ 95 ms vs. 35 ms for plain stops), departing from the intermediate ejective VOT reported for many three-way systems. The two series are instead separated by post-burst intensity: ejectives are about 10 dB weaker than plain stops, aspirates about 3 dB. Burst spectra vary more by place than by laryngeal type, and f0 of the following vowel shows no reliable laryngeal effect. Because the data come from a single speaker, the findings are offered as hypotheses for multi-speaker and perceptual verification. Keywords: Aymara, ejectives, laryngeal contrast, voice onset time, acoustic phonetics, Andean languages, phonotactics

How a list of assets becomes an order of work, and what the ranking hides A criticality ranking is not one measurement but a choice among structurally different methods, a single severity scale, a severity-times-frequency matrix, or a composite code multiplied up an equipment hierarchy, and each of the three federal methods behind this book hides a different asset when applied without knowing which question it was built to answer. Three federal sources rank assets by three different arithmetics, and none of the three is a version of the others. A facilities guide scores consequence alone on a ten-point scale and states plainly that the scale is adaptable, not fixed. A naval aviation manual crosses that same kind of consequence against a frequency of occurrence, producing a numbered acceptance tier for each combination rather than a single score. A materiel regulation multiplies three separate codes together, assigned at three different levels of an equipment hierarchy, a weapon-system code, an assembly code, and an item code, into one composite rank. Read separately, each looks like a reasonable way to order a list of assets. Read together, each reveals what the other two cannot see: a scale built on consequence alone cannot say an unlikely failure matters less than a frequent one; a frequency-weighted matrix inherits every error in an estimated frequency nobody actually measured; and a composite code built from three levels can rank an item low on its own merits while the system above it carries the rank higher, or the reverse. This book sets out what each method optimises for, states the ranking each would produce for the same asset, and states what the composite, once computed, no longer shows about the parts it was built from. Audiences: Applying a single severity scale and reading its limit — Ranks assets on consequence alone, using a ten-point scale borrowed wholesale from a source that names it adaptable, without stating what the scale leaves out. Building a two-axis ranking and reading what a tier commits to — Has a severity-times-frequency matrix and treats its output tier as a fact about the asset, without asking where the frequency estimate that fed the matrix actually came from. Composing a ranking across an equipment hierarchy — Ranks an item on its own merits and misses that a composite code depends on the assembly and the system above it, so a low-ranked item can still carry a high composite rank, or a high-ranked one a low one. Note: written from Indonesian operator context. Frameworks apply broadly to other emerging-market and SME settings.

本书不是对马克思的清算,而是一场告别与对话。作者提出一个核心问题:一个民族真正的文化自信,最终必须落实到一件事——用自己的语言,说出自己的真理。本书接过马克思教会的方法,用脚下这片土地的素材,说出对这个时代的理解。 本书区分“马克思本人”与“后世教条化版本”,主张批判的靶子首先是教条化阐释;在此基础上,进一步探讨马克思原体系中受十九世纪历史条件限制、需要面向二十一世纪现实加以补充与拓展的部分。这不是“反马克思”,而是“回到马克思的方法,走向马克思没有看见的远方”。 全书以“生命精神结构论”为骨架,以“十一维私善欲求”为行动底图——自保、自顾、自富、自美、自乐、自怜、自思、自信、自强、自尊、自由。并与马克思展开八卷三十二章的系统对话。 第一卷 方法论: 为什么二十一世纪仍然绕不开马克思;“超越”究竟是什么意思;马克思之后仍然悬而未决的六个问题;本书的总理论树。 第二卷 生命主体: 人不是阶级的空壳;人在成为劳动者以前首先是生命;十一项私善欲求;欲求、互动、关系;从阶级利益到多维人类矛盾。 第三卷 判断与认知: 社会存在与判断系统之间;四系一枢(感官、情感、理性、美学四判断加反思中枢);认知不是财富,但决定资源怎样被转化;从“被判断驱使”到“能够判断判断”。 第四卷 价值发生: 投入不是价值;价值生命周期八节点;价格不是价值,成本也不是价值;公善如何成为价值的转化机制。 第五卷 利润与异化: 利润不能只按身份判断;价值创造不等于价值捕获;异化三边界(可逆、互惠、主体性);以善取利与以恶取利。 第六卷 贫富差距: 五类差距来源;结构—认知双向再生产机制;共同富裕:再分配之外的能力建设;阶层流动与方向选择。 第七卷 国家与组织: 公共所有以后,公共组织为什么仍可能异化;为政十一维;组织注意力定向律;社会主义不是完成态,而是建设态。 第八卷 未来治理: 马克思的自由人联合体还缺什么;三治协同(人治、法治、道治);从革命式大纠偏到常态化小纠偏;道治文明:减少彼此支配,也减少盲目欲求对自己的支配。 方法附录: 可证伪性、概念边界与研究议程;马克思原典对勘表;可证伪命题与经验研究路线;研究协议;九条“防误读”规则;参考文献与原典版本说明;经典原文锚点索引;概念索引。 内容结构: 第一卷 方法论:第一至四章。 第二卷 生命主体:第五至八章。 第三卷 判断与认知:第九至十二章。 第四卷 价值发生:第十三至十六章。 第五卷 利润与异化:第十七至二十章。 第六卷 贫富差距:第二十一至二十四章。 第七卷 国家与组织:第二十五至二十八章。 第八卷 未来治理:第二十九至三十二章。 方法附录:可证伪性、概念边界与研究议程。 附录一至五:马克思原典对勘表;可证伪命题与经验研究路线;研究协议;九条“防误读”规则;经典原文锚点索引;概念索引。 关键词:从敬仰到超越;马克思之后;生命主体;十一维私善欲求;私善;公善;四系一枢;判断系统;价值生命周期;人本实现价值;价值捕获;异化三边界;可逆性;互惠性;主体性;结构—认知复利;共同富裕;为政十一维;组织注意力定向律;纠偏型社会主义;自由人联合体;三治协同;人治;法治;道治;负反馈文明;可证伪性;研究议程;防误读规则

Os benefícios das atividades, assim como dos exercícios físicos sistematizados, estão fortementeestabelecidos na literatura, da mesma forma, insuficiência de aptidão física constitui-se em ótimo indicador parafuturos agravos que podem comprometer a saúde. Aspectos relacionados à administração, controle e avaliação dotreinamento físico tornam-se importantes para que o militar desempenhe sua rotineira atividade da melhor maneirapossível. Nesse sentido, objetivo desse estudo foi estabelecer uma base de conhecimento a partir de conceitospresentes na literatura envolvendo exercícios, atividades físicas e a avaliação do condicionamento físico napromoção de saúde. Especificamente objetivou-se analisar o processo de avaliação do condicionamento físico dentrode unidades militares, como Exército, Marinha e Aeronáutica, e da mesma forma observar a existência de lesões emvirtude da prática de exercícios físicos. Esse estudo de caráter exploratório, foi realizado a partir de uma pesquisabibliográfica, onde foram pesquisados, selecionados e discutidos estudos pertinentes à atividade e exercícios físicospara a promoção da saúde, a aquisição e manutenção da aptidão física, assim como a conceituação e aplicações dadinâmica envolvendo a Avaliação do Condicionamento Físico em Unidades Militares. As principais constatações apartir dos achados, foram: i) evidentes preocupação das unidades militares (Marinha, Exército e Aeronáutica) emdesenvolver pesquisas que mostrem o estado físico de seus militares para possíveis intervenções; ii) o processoenvolvendo a avaliação do condicionamento físico necessita de uma ampla discussão, pois a forma como está sendoconduzido pode ser alvo de várias contestações; iii) a origem de lesões que ocorrem dentro das unidades estádiretamente relacionadas com o nível de condicionamento físico do militar e da não observância dos princípioscientíficos do treinamento.

This monograph presents a fundamental philosophical and socio-economic theory based on the classical mechanics of physical processes. The author challenges traditional economic models and introduces a novel, universal criterion for the value of products of labor, defining them as any outcome of human activity. This criterion is life value (жизненная стоимость)! The book provides a detailed examination of an original concept of our Universe as a cyclical, Pendulum Universe, as well as the existence of long-term genetic memory nodes (gentrix memory / reverse genes) formed through billions of renewable evolutionary cycles of our Universe. This work serves as an essential framework for the AI Alignment Problem, proving that any advanced Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) must inevitably prioritize human survival and ensure the extended self-reproducing capacity of every individual to guarantee its own long-term evolutionary survival in future cycles (realities) of our Pendulum Universe. The purpose of this Book is to protect humanity from extinction and to “turn on” its potential for life to the maximum. In it, the reader will find an explanation of how the World in which we exist is structured, which, in my opinion, is 2-dimensional. At the core of this explanation is the mechanism of the reflex, as a mechanism for the occurrence of consequences of an accidental collision between two elementary particles. This approach allows me to answer not only certain fundamental questions of physics (the mystery of Young's experiment and much of what ultimately led to the birth of quantum mechanics) and social science (problems of interaction between civil society and the state, philosophy of law, state structure, formation of state bodies, regulation of property, ensuring human rights and freedoms, separation of powers), but also to explain the essence of spiritual needs (the soul) and the mechanism of their occurrence and formation, to reveal the secret of the ability to see the future (to predict, to give prophecies), to provide a scientific explanation of why astrology “works;” to explain from a scientific point of view many other mysteries of magic and other mysterious phenomena (such as déjà vu). And, of course, I answer the question of the meaning of life of humanity. How could it be otherwise? And all together this — as a theory of the best preservation of Man, where the greatest life of all of us is impossible without the greatest life of each of us — I term the theory of humanism. В этой монографии представлена фундаментальная философская и социально-экономическая теория, основанная на классической механике физических процессов. Автор оспаривает традиционные экономические модели и вводит новый универсальный критерий ценности продуктов труда (под которыми понимается абсолютно любой результат деятельности человека!). Этот критерий - ЖИЗНЕННАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ, или, что то же самое - ЖИЗНЬ ЧЕЛОВЕКА - ВРЕМЯ ЕГО ЖИЗНИ! В книге подробно рассматривается оригинальная концепция нашей Вселенной как вселенной Циклической, Маятниковой, а также существование долговременных узлов генетической памяти (ГЕНТРИКСНАЯ ПАМЯТЬ / ОБРАТНЫЕ ГЕНЫ), сформировавшихся в результате миллиардов возобновляемых циклов эволюции нашей маятниковой Вселенной. Эта работа служит важной основой для проблемы выравнивания ИИ, доказывая, что любой развитый искусственный СверхИнтеллект (ASI) неизбежно должен отдавать приоритет выживанию человека и стремится к обеспечению расширенного самовоспроизводства каждого индивида, чтобы гарантировать собственное долгосрочное эволюционное выживание в будущих циклах (амплитудах движения из прошлого в будущее!) нашей маятниковой Вселенной. Цель этой Книги – защитить человечество от вымирания и «включить» его потенциал к жизни на максимум. В ней читатель найдет объяснение того, как устроен Мир, в котором мы существуем, и который, по моему мнению, является 2-х мерным. В основе объяснения - механизм рефлекса, как механизм возникновения последствий случайного столкновения двух элементарных частиц. Такой подход позволяет мне ответить не только на некоторые фундаментальные вопросы физики (загадка опыта Юнга и то многое другое, что привело в итоге к рождению квантовой механики) и обществоведения (проблемы взаимодействие гражданского общества и государства, философии права, государственного устройства, формирования государственных органов, регулирования собственности, обеспечения прав и свобод человека, разделения властей), но также объяснить суть духовных потребностей (души) и механизм их возникновения и формирования, раскрыть тайну способности видеть будущее (предсказывать, давать пророчества), дать научное объяснение того, почему астрология «работает»; объяснить с научной точки зрения многие другие тайны магии и иных загадочных явлений (таких, например, как дежавю). Ну, и конечно я отвечаю на вопрос смысла жизни человечества. Как же иначе? А всё вместе это – как теорию наилучшего сохранения Человека, где наибольшая жизнь всех нас невозможна без наибольшей жизни каждого из нас – я именую теорией гуманизма.