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Abstract The presence of bacterial biofilms and the occurrence of excessive inflammatory response greatly imped the healing process of chronic wounds in diabetic patients. However, effective strategies to simultaneously address these issues are still lacking. Here, a microenvironment‐adaptive nanodecoy (GC@Pd) is constructed via the coordination and in situ reduction of palladium ions on gallic acid‐modified chitosan (GC) to promote wound healing by synergistic biofilm eradication, inflammation alleviation, and immunoregulation. During the weakly acidic conditions of the biofilm infection stage, GC@Pd serves as a nanodecoy to induce bacterial aggregation. Subsequently, through its oxidase‐like activity generating reactive oxygen species and the hyperthermia from photothermal effects, it effectively eliminates the biofilm. As the local microenvironment of diabetic wounds transitions to an alkaline inflammatory state, the enzyme‐like activity of GC@Pd adapts to catalase‐like activity, effectively eliminating reactive oxygen species at the site of inflammation. Additionally, GC@Pd could selectively capture pro‐inflammatory cytokines through Michael addition reactions. In vivo experiments and transcriptomic analysis confirmed that GC@Pd could accelerate the wound transition from inflammatory to proliferative phase by eliminating biofilm infection and reducing the inflammatory response, thus promoting diabetic chronic wound healing. The nanodecoy provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating biofilm‐infected diabetic chronic wounds.

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a monumental biological synthesis of an end-to-end non-linear physical model of metabolic energy cascade transformation — Panchondriome 3.5. Based on the Ginzburg—Landau wave relation and generalized Fresnel equations for condensed matter, the universal morphogenetic and structural nature of two fundamental spatial-temporal quantum invariants of living substance is established for the first time. The subcellular nano-invariant Δl = 6.25 nm is conditioned by the Frohlich Bose-condensation of cytoskeletal dipoles at the frequency of v ≈ 0.24 THz at a ballistic proton sound velocity within the anisotropic EZ-matrix (vs ≈ 1500 m/s). The derived large-scale tissue macro-invariant ΔL = 6.25 μm arises due to the demodulated megahertz envelope operating at a frequency of 120 MHz, which forms on the non-linear heterodynes of nuclear pores via the Tushinsky effect. Using the early ontogenesis of a classical model object — the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, class Echinodermata) — as a precision physical verification setup, the author performs an end-to-end biophysical deconstruction of developmental anomalies: the fast block to polyspermy (the Jaffe effect), the forced Smoluchowski electrophoretic segregation of micromeres, and primary Veg2 invagination driven by Frohlich—Tushinsky vibrational fluidization of crowding. For the first time within a single frequency cascade framework, Chapter IX on Quantum-Field Prebiotic Abiogenesis is deployed, demonstrating that the structural geometry of the genomic duplex (B-DNA single-turn track length Lreal ≈ 6.25 - 6.28 nm), the coaxial tubulin dimers of microtubules, and the spatial step of transfer RNAs (LtRNA ≈ 6.25 nm) are deterministic material "frozen traces" (fulgurites) cast upon the interference EHF-resonance lattices of prebiotic mineral micro-cavities. The paper completely bridges the explanatory gap of theoretical biology by proving a strict chronological isomorphism between embryonic tissue folding and the non-linear percolative mechanics of higher human cognition within the integration with the hypernetwork Cognitome model by Academician K. V. Anokhin. The model is verified by the modular computational core of the Panchondriome CORE v3.5.7-PRODUCTION simulator. АННОТАЦИЯВ статье представлен монументальный общебиологический синтез сквозной нелинейной модели каскадного преобразования метаболической энергии — Panchondriome 3.5. На основе волнового соотношения Гинзбурга — Ландау и обобщенных уравнений Френеля для конденсированных сред в работе впервые обоснован универсальный характер и фундаментальный формообразующий смысл двух пространственно-временных квантовых инвариантов живой материи. Субклеточный наноинвариант Δl = 6.25 нм обусловлен фрёлиховской Бозе-конденсацией диполей цитоскелета на частоте v ≈ 0.24 ТГц при баллистической скорости протонного звука в анизотропной EZ-матрице vs ≈ 1500 м/с. Выведенный из него крупномасштабный тканевый макроинвариант ΔL = 6.25 мкм возникает на демодулированной мегагерцовой огибающей частотой 120 МГц, рождающейся на нелинейных гетеродинах ядерных пор через эффект Тушинского. Используя ранний онтогенез классического модельного объекта — морского ежа (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, класс Echinodermata) — как прецизионный физический полигон, автор осуществляет сквозную биофизическую деконструкцию ключевых аномалий развития: быстрого блока полиспермии (эффект Джаффе), вынужденного электрофоретического дрейфа Смолуховского при сегрегации микромеров и первичной инвагинации Veg2, протекающей по Пригожину в условиях ТГц-виброожижения среды. Впервые в рамках единого частотного каскада развернута Глава IX по Квантово-Полевому Добиологическому Абиогенезу, доказывающая, что пространственные параметры генома (контурный шаг витка B-ДНК Lreal ≈ 6.25 - 6.28 нм), коаксиальные димеры тубулина микротрубочек и линейный калибр транспортных РНК (LtRNA ≈ 6.25 нм) являются детерминированными материальными отпечатками («застывшими фульгуритами») интерференционной КВЧ-решетки добиологических EZ-резонаторов. Работа полностью ликвидирует объяснительный разрыв теоретической биологии, доказывая строгий хронологический изоморфизм между эмбриональным скульптированием тканей и нелинейной перколяционной механикой высшего человеческого мышления в рамках интеграции с гиперсетевым Когнитомом академика К. В. Анохина. Модель верифицирована модульным вычислительным ядром симулятора Panchondriome CORE v3.5.7-PRODUCTION.

Dispersion in optical coherence tomography (OCT) poses a challenge that is exacerbated by the increased spectral bandwidth, which leads to image blur and feature loss. In this paper, we present a straightforward and cost-effective approach for dispersion compensation in OCT. To achieve this, we employed a pixel-to-pixel (Pix2Pix) generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture customized for image-to-image translation. Two data groups with varying amounts of training image data and epochs were used. The Pix2Pix GAN was trained to generate clear OCT images from the corresponding dispersion-affected OCT images in paired datasets. According to the experimental results, the Pix2Pix GAN technique demonstrated a substantial improvement over the basic GAN. Specifically, it increases the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 159%, structural similarity index (SSIM) by 370%, and Fréchet inception distance (FID) by 274%. These outcomes indicate that the proposed model can generate images with resilience and effectiveness, particularly when dealing with dispersion-affected OCT data.

Functionalised tetrahydrocarbazoles are accessed through an enantioselective organocatalysed Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction of 3-vinyl-1H-indole with a suitable dienophile in combination with an in situ N-protection. A subsequent diastereospecific ene reaction is then used to transfer chirality from the 10a to the 5 position with rearomatisation of the indolic ring, to give the target tetrahydrocarbazoles in high �. The in situ introduction of different N-protecting groups is explored along with their influence on the subsequent ene reactions.

Indirect reciprocity potentially provides an important means for generating cooperation based on helping those who help others. However, the use of ‘image scores’ to summarize individuals’ past behaviour presents a dilemma: individuals withholding help from those of low image score harm their own reputation, yet giving to defectors erodes cooperation. Explaining how indirect reciprocity could evolve has therefore remained problematic. In all previous treatments of indirect reciprocity, individuals are assigned potential recipients and decide whether to cooperate or defect based on their reputation. A second way of achieving discrimination is through partner choice, which should enable individuals to avoid defectors. Here, I develop a model in which individuals choose to donate to anyone within their group, or to none. Whereas image scoring with random pairing produces cycles of cooperation and defection, with partner choice there is almost maximal cooperation. In contrast to image scoring with random pairing, partner choice results in almost perfect contingency, producing the correlation between giving and receiving required for cooperation. In this way, partner choice facilitates much higher and more stable levels of cooperation through image scoring than previously reported and provides a simple mechanism through which systems of helping those who help others can work.

With the increase in the availability of multitemporal hyperspectral images (HSIs), HSIs change detection (CD) methods, including pixel-level and subpixel-level based methods, have attracted great attention in recent years. However, the widespread presence of mixed pixels in HSIs may make it difficult for pixel-level methods to detect subtle changes; meanwhile, the less utilization of spatial information may also lead to limitations in some subpixel-level methods. Therefore, a joint framework, which aims to combine the advantages of pixel-level in spatial utilization and subpixel-level in temporal and spectral exploration, is proposed to enhance the performance of HSIs CD. Two models, convolutional sparse analysis and temporal spectral unmixing, are introduced and presented to characterize different spatial structures and overcome the effects of spectral variability under this framework, respectively. In addition, a multiple CD-based on subpixel analysis is discussed as well. Experiments conducted on three bitemporal HSIs datasets indicate that the proposed framework is robust in capturing effective features and has achieved great detection accuracy.

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Identification of single-gene mutations that cause CAKUT permits the first insights into related disease mechanisms. However, for most cases the underlying defect remains elusive. We identified a kindred with an autosomal-dominant form of CAKUT with predominant ureteropelvic junction obstruction. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous truncating mutation (c.1010delG) of T-Box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) in seven affected members of the large kindred. A screen of additional families with CAKUT identified three families harboring two heterozygous TBX18 mutations (c.1570C>T and c.487A>G). TBX18 is essential for developmental specification of the ureteric mesenchyme and ureteric smooth muscle cells. We found that all three TBX18 altered proteins still dimerized with the wild-type protein but had prolonged protein half life and exhibited reduced transcriptional repression activity compared to wild-type TBX18. The p.Lys163Glu substitution altered an amino acid residue critical for TBX18-DNA interaction, resulting in impaired TBX18-DNA binding. These data indicate that dominant-negative TBX18 mutations cause human CAKUT by interference with TBX18 transcriptional repression, thus implicating ureter smooth muscle cell development in the pathogenesis of human CAKUT.

Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), resulting from neurofibromin gene mutations, frequently suffer from deficits in learning and spatial memory. Mice heterozygous for functional deletion of the NF1 gene (NF1(+/-) mice) also exhibit compromised spatial learning, and deficits in early-stage hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Neurofibromin is a multifunctional protein which acts in part as an inhibitory constraint on Ras signalling, and the deficits in early-stage LTP and spatial learning have been linked to Ras hyperactivation. However, the downstream targets of Ras hyperactivation that lead to cognitive disruption are unknown. The levels of activity of signalling molecules potentially downstream of Ras were therefore studied in NF1(+/-) mice. Elevated phospho-ERK (pERK) levels were observed in the hippocampi from NF1(+/-) mice, while phospho-Akt/PKB (pAkt) and phospho-eIF4E (peIF4E) levels were unchanged relative to wild-type mice. Hippocampal levels of phospho-CREB (pCREB) were also increased, suggesting potential changes in late-phase LTP in NF1(+/-) mice. Indeed, LTP was found to be impaired for at least 4 h following induction in NF1(+/-) mice, linking neurofibromin function with the long-term maintenance of LTP. Remarkably, U0126, an inhibitor of ERK activation, at doses which reduced the hyperactive pERK levels in NF1(+/-) mice to the levels observed in control mice, caused a reduction in the deficits in early-phase LTP and completely rescued the long-term LTP deficits. In contrast to the abundant evidence that reductions in ERK activity lead to impaired plasticity, these data indicate that ERK hyperactivation in a partial model of type 1 neurofibromatosis leads to deficits in long-lasting hippocampal plasticity.

Abstract Adverse weather conditions, such as snow, heavy rain, fog, or limited illumination, pose significant challenges for autonomous vehicles (AVs) by degrading sensor reliability. This paper introduces E2ETrADS, an end-to-end transformer-based autonomous driving framework designed to operate robustly under such conditions. A comprehensive dataset was generated using the CARLA simulator, encompassing both nominal and adverse weather scenarios. The model is trained via imitation learning from an expert driver equipped with weather-adaptive MPC planner and PID controllers, enabling robust control under perception uncertainty. Experimental results demonstrate that E2ETrADS outperforms the TransFuser baseline in adverse conditions, exhibiting fewer infractions and improved lane adherence. The system dynamically adjusts vehicle speed to maintain control stability and adapts its control policies in response to sensor degradation, resulting in fewer missed turns and reduced lane invasions. Furthermore, E2ETrADS generalizes effectively to safety-critical long-tail scenarios, demonstrating human-like reasoning capabilities.