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Current scaling of quantum processors is bottlenecked by severe environmental decoherence and extreme cryogenic requirements (mK dilution refrigerators). This paper introduces an engineering framework derived from the Transmutation & Cohesion Technology (TdT) model. By replacing fragile charge/spin states with integer topological invariants and engineering phononic/phase bandgap metamaterials, we present a practical methodology to achieve high-coherence quantum information processing immune to ambient thermal shear waves—paving the way for room-temperature, scalable quantum computing architectures.

The debate over digital ID systems has recently intensified in the UK, with Prime Minister Keir Starmer framing digital IDs as a mechanism to curb ‘illegal working’. What these debates often overlook is that the UK has already introduced a ‘digital immigration status’ – first via the EU Settlement Scheme (EUSS) and then the eVisa – which requires migrants to prove their legal status through digital means only. From 1 June 2025, nearly all migrants entering or legally residing in the UK must obtain an eVisa to prove their rights. This makes migrants the first group to experience a mandatory digital-only identification system, effectively positioning them as a testing ground for broader national digital ID ambitions.

Summary DEPs are elements or features, such as push notifications and prize-draws, designed to engage retail investors on digital platforms. Previous research has shown DEPs can change consumer investment behaviour and may lead to poorer investment outcomes (FCA, 2024). Our research draws on a large representative sample of consumer data from several platforms that allow users to buy and sell investment products mainly via applications on their phones. The dataset is particularly rich as it links individual investor trading records to their credit files. In terms of consumer financial outcomes, we find that: Returns are significantly worse among consumers using high-DEP apps. Large losses are 4.8 percentage points more common on the high-DEP apps than low-DEP apps, once demographics are accounted for. Compared to users of low-DEP apps, consumers of high-DEP apps (and to a lesser extent, medium-DEP apps) are more likely to: Be younger and male. Display higher levels of engagement on the app. Trade more frequently on the app. Be in financial distress – but less likely to be so than the population overall. Display elevated, erratic, or concerning trading behaviour. Our findings show the association between using high-DEP apps and adverse financial outcomes. However, the results should not be read as evidence that usage of high-DEP apps causes adverse financial outcomes, as there may be a variety of channels linking high-DEP apps and the financial circumstances of consumers. This is a question for further research.

• The aim of the present study was to identify and review the available research evidence on 'ethnicity and communication' in areas relevant to ensuring effective provision of mainstream services (e.g. via interpreter, advocacy and translation services); provision of services targeted on communication (e.g. speech and language therapy, counselling, psychotherapy); consensual/ participatory activities (e.g. consent to interventions), and; procedures for managing and planning for linguistic diversity.Final version (published as open access)

This study presents a historiographical and field-based reevaluation of the Roman transport network in the region of Dugopolje, Dalmatian hinterland. By deconstructing the long-standing historiographical myth of multi-layered, paved Roman roads—originating from Nicolas Bergier’s 17th-century misinterpretation of Vitruvius's floor-paving instructions—the paper demonstrates the physical and logistical unsustainability of attributing carved "wheel ruts" (kamentrazi) in bedrock to Roman military roadbuilding and transport. Furthermore, the study documents a newly identified Roman military route (via glareata) spanning over 2 km in length and 4–6 m in width, providing a concrete empirical framework for reconstructing the original Dolabellian communication corridors between Salona and the interior. Key Findings: Historiographical Revision: Deconstructs the idealised four-layer Roman road model (statumen, rudus, nucleus, pavimentum), showing that Roman military roads in the karst hinterland were pragmatic, unpaved gravel routes (viae glareatae) built rapidly under Governor Publius Cornelius Dolabella for military occupation. Rejection of the "Carved Ruts" Thesis: Demonstrates via physical, axle-gauge (125 cm vs. standard 140–145 cm), and geometric analyses that bedrock wheel tracks belong to earlier, indigenous transport horizons, rather than Roman wagon traffic. Field Discovery in Dugopolje: Identifies and maps an exceptionally preserved 2 km linear military corridor cleared through bedrock and levelled with crushed stone, complete with hill-pass junctions and associated prehistoric/ancient site complexes (e.g., Konjsko). Regional Mapping: Provides an updated, detailed cartographic network of confirmed Roman military road trajectories across Dugopolje, Dicmo, and the Cetina region.

CODECHECK report for 'Contrail Avoidance Non-CO2 Evaluation (CANE)' code repository. The repository contains Jupyter notebooks that reproduce the figures of Smretschnig et al. (2026). In order to reproduce the figures, two datasets are necessary. One dataset has been published by the author (see 'Related works'). The other dataset is already public data. Regarding the code, the notebooks require `pycontrails-bada 0.7.7` extension that is available upon request (not distributed within the code repository) and `sankey.py` which is a visualization code already open-source available via pySankey GitHub repository. All figures of the related publication were reproduced.

The established practice for increasing young people’s inclusion in disaster risk reduction holds that adults play a vital role in realising young people’s full participation. This involves providing young people with a seat at the table or facilitating their inclusion to ensure their voices are heard. However, when adults are both decision-makers and facilitators of inclusion, the drivers of exclusion often go unaddressed. This paper describes a co-design method used by The Resilient Towns Initiative to improve youth participation in disaster risk reduction. It was devised through working with young people in the New South Wales Snowy Valleys, an area affected by Australia’s summer bushfires in 2019–20. The approach relied on supporting the conditions for young people to increase their participation via cultivating a youth voice, generating ideas, creating a vision, bringing in adults, and building legacy to sustain momentum. Outcomes indicate that this approach nurtured cross-generational relations, raised the profile and esteem of young people and built skills, knowledge and resources. This addressed some structural barriers to inclusion and, more broadly, social inclusion in a regional area.

This study discusses current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures and reform proposals for the post-2013 period with respect to EU semi-subsistence farms (SSFs). Based on country case studies and interview evidence, the study assesses the values of SSFs for rural areas and the obstacles they face in using Pillar 1 and 2 measures. It concludes that the fundamental issue of income support to semi-subsistence producers is inadequately addressed by any set of CAP instruments, and puts forward a set of recommendations for strengthening the CAP approach, especially via Pillar 2, for SSFs.

Modern smartphones feature multiple applications which access shared data on the solid state storage within the device. As applications become more complex, contention over this memory resource is becoming an issue. This leads to increased battery drain as the applications are forced to touch the solid state device repeatedly after failing to retrieve or store data due to contention from other applications. We describe an optimistic concurrency control algorithm, combining a novel Read-Write-Validate phase sequence with virtual execution. The protocol is suitable for governing transactions operating on databases residing on resource-constrained devices. Increasing energy efficiency and reducing latency are primary goals for our algorithm. We show that this is achieved by reducing persistent store access, and satisfy real-time requirements via transaction scheduling that affords greater determinism.

In this paper we describe an implementation of a software transactional memory system that is capable of exploiting an increase in parallelism to improve performance. We demonstrate the improvements in performance via benchmarking our system against a standard STM. For the first time we show that parallelism can be exploited to offset an increase in contention. This provides a system where the concurrency control bottleneck is effectively removed given sufficient parallel resources.

The Youth Agropastoral Entrepreneurship Promotion Programme (AEP-Youth) in Cameroon was implemented to improve livelihood and food security outcomes for young agropastoral entrepreneurs. Implemented from 2015 to 2023 across four regions, the project overcame delays caused by administrative challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic and regional instability. The project’s holistic approach focused on youth business incubators offering technical training, mentorship and start-up support, including interest-free loans, productive grants and tailored financial products. The support combined start-up kits, productive credit and improved access to microfinance via a refinancing mechanism. The investments in rural infrastructure and market linkages aimed to boost the commercial viability of youth agro-pastoral businesses through trade fairs, alliances and improved connections to external markets. This impact assessment employed an ex-post quasi-experimental design, with primary household-level data collected in November and December 2023 supplemented by secondary GIS data on climatic and environmental conditions.

This report focuses on the role and potential that employer incentives could play in supporting and stimulating uptake of apprenticeships, particularly as part of the economic recovery from the recession which is likely to affect the country following the Covid 19 crisis. Comparisons with past recessions The length of past recessions has ranged between one and two years, with GDP regaining its pre-recession levels in three to four years. The length and depth of the Covid-19 recession is unclear at this point in time but the initial evidence suggests an extraordinarily deep fall in output over the short-term with likely implications for employment and the provision of apprenticeships. The evidence over the recent past indicates that the number of apprentices has been increasing in Scotland (by 8% over the past five years). This has seen an increase in the share of disabled people, those from BAME backgrounds, and older people participating in apprenticeships. It has also seen increases in occupational areas such as construction, sport, health and social care, food and drink, and automotive; as well as higher level apprenticeships (Level 3 and above). There is the danger that these gains made over the recent past might be undone if any Covid-19 associated recession proves to be deep and protracted. It might well be that the number of apprentices in administration and related; construction and related; creative and cultural; hospitality and tourism; personal services; retail and customer service; and transport and logistics that are most at risk. Together these accounted for 54% of all apprenticeship starts in 2018/19, and four are key/growth sectors. Potentially at risk is the future skills supply to key occupations and sectors and alongside that the opportunities apprenticeships provide to those who occupy a more disadvantaged position in the labour market. Apprenticeship responses to the economic cycle Apprenticeships tend to be pro-cyclical and are therefore affected by recessions more so than other types of skills provision. That said, evidence from a number of countries shows that apprenticeships grew in the period after the 2008 financial crisis. In part this was because of measures Governments introduced to bolster apprenticeships through public subsidies and other mechanisms to help apprentices who had been made redundant to complete their apprenticeships. But it needs to be borne in mind that the depth of the recession currently forecast may be much deeper than that following the financial crisis in 2008. Some countries, such as the Netherlands, have always recognised that apprenticeships are susceptible to economic downturns. To manage the vagaries of the economic cycles an alternative was available to learners which contained a substantial work experience element but which was mainly delivered by vocational schools. In this way, when there were not a sufficient number of employers willing to provide apprenticeships, places could be provided in vocational schools. Both the school based workplace learning and the apprenticeship path in the Netherlands are equally well regard by learners and employers. Countries have focused on increasing the benefits and reducing the costs of apprenticeships to make them more attractive to employers. In Switzerland, the emphasis has been on increasing the productive content of apprentices (through increasing their ability to undertake more productive work), whilst in England employers have been given primary influence over the content and structure of apprenticeships. Current apprenticeship responses to Covid-19 Initial evidence suggests that public authorities have responded to the Covid-19 crisis by providing wage subsidies to employers to take on apprentices and/or providing flexibility in completing apprenticeships. The German, Dutch and Danish Governments have provided wage and other subsidies to employers to keep apprentices employed. Other countries (such as England) have introduced flexibilities so that furloughed, or key sector staff have longer to complete their apprenticeships. A number of EU countries have promoted the use of ICTs so that training and assessment can be undertaken online. Effective practice in employer focused apprenticeship support Most EU-28 countries provide financial support for apprenticeships via training grants, tax incentives and levies. These are mostly national and long standing programmes operating for all employers, although some are targeted at certain sectors and sizes of organisation. A review of the international evidence suggests that Government funding of employer investment in apprenticeships produce modest but positive returns, but impacts vary due to the differences in apprenticeship programmes, and the nature and size of financial inducements. In addition, effects vary between sectors and firm sizes. Apprenticeship incentives on their own have limited impact, involve trade offs (e.g. cost of administration versus deadweight) and work better on increasing apprenticeship take-up amongst existing employers rather than new ones. To be effective, incentives need to increase financial and non-financial benefits and/or reduce financial and non-financial costs. They need to be flexible because employers vary in their characteristics, cost and benefit calculation, and intent. Smaller employers tend to require higher levels of support. These facets require an understanding of employers’ needs as well as the structure and dynamics of local labour markets. Employer incentives work best when they are simple, straightforward, and are aligned with and complement existing systems and structures. Effective communication is important, especially to employers less likely to engage with apprenticeships. A number of incentives are sectorally targeted because this can facilitate employer engagement and input into design and delivery, as well as tailoring support. In addition, a number of other national and subregional economic development and skills strategies are sectorally focused, which new incentives can be aligned with. Programmes need to be monitored to identify that the incentive’s aims and objectives are being met as well as identifying and measuring any unintended consequences such as deadweight, substitution and displacement. A key success factor is employer buy-in through involving employers in design and delivery. This helps to ensure a fit with employers’ needs, and makes communication and engagement more effective.

Im Rahmen des Vorhabens wurde ein bestehender Radarsensor aus dem Automotive-Bereich für den Einsatz in Off-Highway-Anwendungen weiterentwickelt. Hierzu erfolgte eine umfassende Anpassung der Sensorsoftware, um die spezifischen Anforderungen mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen und Nutzfahrzeuge zu berücksichtigen. Ein wesentlicher Entwicklungsschwerpunkt bestand in der Implementierung einer offenen Datenschnittstelle zur Bereitstellung von Sensordaten in Form von Punktewolken. Dadurch wurde die Integration des Sensors in unterschiedliche Anwendungsumgebungen sowie die Nutzung für weiterführende Algorithmen der Umfelderfassung und Objekterkennung ermöglicht. Zur Unterstützung moderner Robotik- und Automatisierungsanwendungen wurden Kommunikationsschnittstellen für die Frameworks Robot Operating System (ROS) und ROS 2 entwickelt. Die hierfür erstellten Treiber wurden als Open-Source-Komponenten bereitgestellt und über GitHub veröffentlicht, um eine breite Nachnutzung durch Wissenschaft und Industrie zu ermöglichen. Zur Validierung der Entwicklungen wurden zusammen mit weiteren Konsortialpartnern umfangreiche Versuche unter realen Einsatzbedingungen durchgeführt. Die Messungen erfolgten sowohl im Mining- , als auch im Agrarumfeld und umfassten verschiedene Betriebs- und Umweltszenarien. Die gewonnenen Messdaten wurden systematisch ausgewertet und zur Optimierung der Sensoralgorithmen sowie der Softwarearchitektur herangezogen. Auf diese Weise konnten die Praxistauglichkeit der entwickelten Lösung nachgewiesen und wichtige Erkenntnisse für die weitere Produktentwicklung gewonnen werden.

Among the 63 epigraphic characters extracted from the Bronze Sipaho Amulet No. 1, the "HA Script" represents an ancestral Phonemic Syllabic Featural Script that served as the foundational Ur-Matrix for the Hangul, Sanskrit (Devanagari/Brahmi), and Tibetan writing systems. Furthermore, five distinct Jeonmok (田目) numerical glyphs identified within the inscription are established as the direct precursors to Brahmi numbers, Brahmi digits, Sanskrit numerals, and Tibetan numerals. This research report presents decisive empirical evidence reconstructing the genealogical origin of ancient scripts and numeral matrices: Lingual Consonants: Comparative topological analysis demonstrates that the archetypal geometric frame of Hangul "ㄷ(d)" is structurally embedded across Hangul "ㄷ(d), ㄸ(tt), ㅌ(t)", Tibetan "ད[da], ཏ[ta], ཐ[tha]", and Sanskrit "द[da], त[ta], थ[tha]". Dental Consonants: The geometric baseline of Hangul "ㅅ(s)" is intrinsically preserved across Hangul "ㅅ[s], ㅆ[ss], ㅈ[j], ㅊ[ch]", Tibetan "ཤ[sha], ས[sa], ཅ[ca], ཆ[cha]", and Sanskrit "श[sha], स[sa], च[ca], छ[cha]". Labial Consonants: Systematic featural sound shifts governed by stroke-addition (加劃) principles connect Hangul "ㅁ(m), ㅂ(b), ㅃ(pp), ㅍ(p)", Tibetan "མ[ma], བ[ba], པ[pa], ཕ[pha]", and Sanskrit "म[ma], भ[bha], प[pa], फ[pha]". The report delineates how the core system of the HA Script—comprising 16 consonants, 12 vowels, and 2 tone markers—governed the phonological and orthographic development of Hangul, Tibetan, and Sanskrit. Crucially, the HA Script terminal mantra coda "ssyeon-ttan" is demonstrated to be the morphological and phonetic prototype of the Sanskrit concluding formula "svāhā" (स्वाहा) and the Tibetan "swāhā" (སྭཱཧཱ). Moreover, two Six-Syllable Mantras within the 63-character dataset are identified as preceding the Sanskrit vocalic framework and the Siddham 12 Mātrās. Finally, utilizing the geometric matrices of Jeonmok (田目) and Sanmok (算目) recorded on Bronze Sipaho Nos. 1 and 2 and within the "Sado Gyeongjeon Bonhun (蘇塗經典本訓)", this study proves the step-by-step mathematical derivation of Brahmi numbers, Brahmi digits, Sanskrit numerals, and Tibetan numerals. All claims, geometric proofs, and empirical datasets in this study have undergone rigorous algorithmic cross-validation via computer vision pipelines and multi-agent AI frameworks (including GemAI, Goo.Sungbong, and Goo.Vision), confirming the axiomatic integrity and topological validity of the system.

Kurzbericht zu einer Messung vom 29.09.2026: In zehn Branchen und 32 deutschen Orten wurden je zehn Kundenfragen an ChatGPT, Gemini und Perplexity gestellt (Programmierschnittstelle mit Websuche, 4.000 Antworten) und nach vorab veröffentlichten Kriterien ausgewertet. Vier Beobachtungen: (1) Die Dienste nennen verschiedene Betriebe: Im Mittel werden nur 5 % der bei einer Frage genannten Betriebe von allen drei Diensten genannt, 78 % nennt nur ein einziger Dienst. (2) Dieselbe Frage bringt nicht dieselbe Antwort: Zwei Antworten desselben Dienstes am selben Tag stimmen bei Perplexity zu 76 % überein, bei Gemini zu 47 %, bei ChatGPT zu 27 %. (3) Bei Fragen nach einer bestimmten Leistung zitieren 94 % der Antworten die Website eines genannten Betriebs, bei allgemeinen Empfehlungs- und Vergleichsfragen 64 %. (4) Die häufigste Quelle, die kein Betrieb ist, wird je Branche in 18 % bis 34 % der Antworten zitiert; nur bei Zahnärzten ist es mehr als die Hälfte. Der Bericht beschreibt Stichprobe, Fragen, Erhebung, die Erkennung der Betriebe samt Handprüfung an einer Zufallsstichprobe und die Grenzen der Messung. Es handelt sich um eine Einzelmessung an einem Tag; die Aussagen sind beschreibend. Die zusammengefassten Daten sind getrennt veröffentlicht. English summary: Short report on a one-day measurement (29 September 2026) of which local businesses ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity name when asked for a local provider: ten industries, 32 German cities, 4,000 answers via API with web search. Findings: only 5% of the businesses named for a question are named by all three services; two answers of the same service to the same question on the same day overlap by 76% (Perplexity), 47% (Gemini) and 27% (ChatGPT); for questions about a specific service, 94% of answers cite the website of a named business, compared with 64% for general recommendation questions. Text in German.